Basic Plumbing with Illustrations Revised
by Howard C. Massey
Contents
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Plumbing, 5
Plumbing Codes, 5
What About Plumbing Permits? 6
CHAPTER 2
The Plumbing System, 7
The Drainage System, 7
The Water Supply System, 9
Plumbing Fixtures, 10
CHAPTER 3
Plot Plans, 11
CHAPTER 4
Isometric Drawings and Definitions, 16
How to Draw the Axes of an Isometric Drawing, 16
Fittings in an Isometric Drawing, 17
Terms Used on Isometric Drawings, 18
CHAPTER 5
The Drainage System, 26
Sizing Drain and Water Pipes, 26
Exceptions to the Rules, 28
Minimum Size Code Requirements, 30
CHAPTER 6
The Vent System, 33
Sizing the Vent System, 33
Horizontal Distance of
Fixture Trap from Vent, 38
CHAPTER 7
Traps, 45
Fixture Traps, 45
Building Traps, 50
Broken Trap Seals, 51
The Parts of a Trap, 52
CHAPTER 8
Cleanouts, 57
CHAPTER 9
Floor Plans and Layouts, 63
Beginning Your Layout, 63
Typical Bathroom Installations, 65
Typical Residential Installations, 69
CHAPTER 10
DWV Materials and Installation, 73
The Principles of DWV Systems, 73
Materials, 77
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings, 78
Plastic Pipe and Fittings, 84
General Installation Methods, 88
DWV Piping Within a Building, 95
CHAPTER 11
Septic Tanks and Drainfields, 103
Now the Septic Tank Functions, 104
Size and Location of Septic Tanks, 105
Design and Construction of Septic Tanks, 105
Sizing Drainfields, 106
Drainfield Construction and Installation, 109
Care of Septic Tanks and Drainfields, 112
CHAPTER 12
Water Supply and Distribution System, 115
Private Water Supply, 115
Sizing the Water System, 115
Maintenance of Water Systems, 119
CHAPTER 13
Valves and Faucets, 125
Valves, 125
Faucets, 127
CHAPTER 14
Hot Water Systems, 130
The Hot Water System Components, 130
The Hot Water Heater, 131
Safety Devices, 132
Solar Water Heaters, 135
CHAPTER 15
Water Pipe and Fittings, 144
Galvanized Steel Pipe, 144
Copper Pipe and Tubing, 148
Plastic Pipe, 148
CHAPTER 16
Installation of Water Systems, 152
Installing Water Service Supply Pipe, 152
Installing Water Distributing Piping, 155
Avoid Cross-Connection, 157
Basic Plumbing Procedures, 158
Cutting, Threading and Joining Steel Pipe, 163
Cutting and Joining Copper Pipe, 168
Cutting and Joining Rigid Plastic Pipe, 171
CHAPTER 17
Private Water Wells and Sprinkler Systems, 177
The Well, 178
Suction Lines, 181
Pressure Tank Water Systems, 183
Lawn Sprinkler Systems, 186
Troubleshooting Guide - Jet Pumps, 192
Troubleshooting Guide - Submersible Pumps, 195
CHAPTER 18
Roughing-in, 200
Plumbing Fixture Clearance, 200
Plumbing Fixture Carriers, 202
Roughing-In Dimensions, 205
CHAPTER 19
Plumbing Fixtures, 210
Minimum Fixture Requirements, 210
Plumbing Fixture Overflows, 213
Showers, 218
Lavatories, 223
Water Closets, 228
Urinals, 234
Laundry Sinks, 235
Kitchen Sinks, 235
Food Waste Disposers, 236
Under-Counter Dishwashers, 237
Water Heaters, 239
CHAPTER 20
Maintenance of Plumbing Systems, 246
Identifying Types and Locations of Stoppages, 246
Hard Water Problems, 254
Reduced Water Pressure, 255
Pressure Fluctuation, 256
Complete Loss of Water, 257
Water Hammer, 257
Thawing Frozen Pipes, 258
Cleaning Discolored Fixtures, 259
CHAPTER 21
General Plumbing Repairs, 261
Leaks in Valves, 261
Repairing Compression Faucets, 263
Single-Handle Mixing Faucets, 265
Other Types of Washers and Packings, 269
Water Closets, 276
Using Valves to Locate the Leak, 285
Leaking Tanks, 286
CHAPTER 22
Simple Gas Installations, 289
Kinds of Gas, 289
Sizing Gas Service Piping, 290
Materials for Gas Installations, 292
Installing Gas Piping, 292
CHAPTER 23
Private Swimming Pools, 301
Water Supply and Water Disposal, 301
Minimum Pool Equipment, 302
Materials and Installation Methods, 308
Spas and Hot Tubs, 308
Energy Conservation Law, 309
Answers, 311
Definitions of Terms, 361
Abbreviations and Symbols, 367
Plumbing Symbol Legend, 372
Fitting Symbols, 373
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